The electronic components of the turbine are key for safety and power production. The circuit diagram is shown below as is the purpose of each component.
The generator is what takes the rotational movement and converts it to electrical energy, it does this by turning a rotor through a magnetic field. There is a more detailed explanation here.
The blocking diode prevents any energy from the battery going back to the generator, if any energy was to transfer back it would make the generator into a motor and it would start spinning which would waste the energy and could damage the turbine.
The relay in the diagram is the main safety component, if the voltage produced by the generator is too high for the battery perhaps during a storm this switches the flow of energy to a heater, this uses the excess energy safely and means that the turbine does not require a braking system to keep the power regulated.
The battery is what stores the energy created by the turbine for later use.
The inverter acts as the main power output for the system, it is linked to the battery and has an internal rectifier which regulates the power and also changes the DC from the battery to useful AC power. It is also fitted with standard mains and USB outputs. The invertor can be easily changed depending on where in the world the turbine is being used to have the correct outputs.
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